Demystifying Editions: What Every New Art Collector Should Know

Editions can be a riveting, and often misconstrued subject within the art world. So, what exactly qualifies as an edition?

When an artist creates an artwork, they often produce multiple impressions of that piece, known as editions. The term commonly refers to printmaking (e.g. a lithograph, etching or screenprint), but can also be applied to series of other media such as sculpture, photography and video. Original multiples are usually signed and dated by the artist, but that is not always the case.

Editions can vary in size, ranging from just a few copies to several hundred. The size of the edition can play a significant role in determining the value of the artwork. As a general rule, the smaller the edition, the more valuable each individual piece becomes. This is because limited edition pieces are rarer and highly sought after due to their scarcity, therefore making them more valuable over time

Let’s deconstruct the different types of artwork editions:

Open Editions
These types of prints can be reproduced indefinitely. They are not limited in number and are often more affordable than limited editions.

Limited Editions
Limited Editions are multiples that have a predetermined number of copies, typically signed and numbered by the artist. Each copy is given an edition number, typically written as a fraction — for example, ‘36/100’. The number to the right of the slash indicates the edition size (in this example, 100), while the figure to the left is the individual print’s number. Once the edition sells out, no more copies will be produced, thus increasing their value and collectability. 

Artist Proofs (AP)
Artist Proofs are additional prints, usually a small number, that are reserved for the artist's personal use or as gifts. Approximately ten percent of a print run are assigned as Artist Proofs. They are often marked as ‘AP’ or ‘EA’ and frequently have a higher value compared to the rest of the edition.

Printer's Proofs (PP)
Printer's Proofs are prints used by the printer to check the quality of the edition. Like artist proofs, they are often limited in number and may hold a special value for collectors.

Hors d’ Commerce Proof (HC)
The sign ‘HC’ on a print means it was made purely for promotional use, frequently sent as a sample for galleries or dealers. 

Bon a Tirer (BAT)
Deriving from the French phrase meaning ‘good to pull’, Bon a Tirer prints delineate the standard to which all other prints will be held to. They, in other words, meet the artist’s standards. 

Trial Proof (TP)
The Trial Proof is created so that an artist can examine and perfect a work’s intricacies before commencing the official print run, and thus it is not an exact replica of the ‘BAT’, which is the perfected, finalised version. 

One of the most often misconceptions is that an artwork edition is the same as an artwork reproduction or a replica. While a reproduction is also considered a facsimile of the original work, it is not created in the same medium as the original artwork, as it is usually produced using technological means. Some examples of reproductions include giclee prints, posters, and decorative items such as pillows and postcards. In fact, producing a reproduction does not typically involve the original artist. 

Just to clarify: a giclee print is considered a fine art print, and is created using a high-resolution digital image of the original artwork that is then printed on a specialized inkjet printer. Although giclee prints are not actually created by the artist, their extremely high level of quality, their accuracy and longevity give them added value over time, even if they are not considered original editions; that can also occur should the prints are signed and certified by the artist. 

What should a collector consider if they were to acquire an editioned artwork?

When a collector is interested in acquiring an editioned piece, they must ensure that the artwork comes with proper documentation, including a certificate of authenticity, including the date, the edition size and number. Legit certificates of authenticity are usually provided by the artist or a reputable gallery. In order to proceed with a purchase, the buyer must assess the condition of the multiple thoroughly, as it can greatly affect its value. One must check for any signs of damage, discoloration, or fading. Finally, it is important that the interested party researches any investment potential of the edition, especially regarding limited editions by renowned artists, through researching the artist's market history and demand for their work.

Editions play a significant role in the art market, influencing both the value of a piece and its collectability. By fully comprehending the intricacies of editions, including size, quality, and authenticity, collectors can make informed decisions and appreciate the art they acquire even more.

Understanding is key for both artists and collectors in navigating the complex world of art valuation.